THE WRITING PROCESS.
Page:2.
1. These words are important for understanding the writing process. Match each word with the correct definition.
a. step: one thing in a series of things you do.
b. topic: subject; what the piece of writing is about.
c. gather: to find and collect together.
d. organise: to arrange in a clear, logical way.
e. paragraph: a group of related sentences.
f. essay: a short piece of writing, at least three paragraphs long.
g. proofread: to check a piece of writing for errors.
h. edit: to change or correct a piece of writing.
REVIEW.
3. Complete this chart, summarising the steps of the writing process.
Pre- writing.
- STEP ONE: Choose a topic.
- STEP TWO: Gather information.
- STEP THREE: Decide what to include.
Drafting.
- STEP FOUR: Write the essay.
Reviewing and revising.
- STEP FIVE: Check evrything in general (revise, structure, content).
Rewriting.
- STEP SIX:
- explain it in a more clear way.
- add more information/ details.
- change the way we arranged it.
NARROWING TOPICS:
09/21/18
Travelling: Ways of travelling / Touring agencies / Online booking / Fake advertising.
Tehcnology: Computers / Software / Operative systems / Linux.
Parties: Types / Familiar parties / Anniversaries / Silver weddings.
Femminism: The role of women / The long fight / Strikes / U.S. strikes.
Anime: Types / For kids / Funny / Doraemon.
Great authors: Latin american authors / Latinoamerican boom / Males / Gabriel García Márquez.
Vampires: Creatures / Movies about Vampires / Idealized Vampires / Dracula.
Chinese Food: Types of chinese food / Sweet / Desserts / Fortune cookies.
Fashion: Clothes for women / Styles / Depends on the season of the year / Fashion in winter.
Sports: Outdoor sports / Individual sports / You need a ball / Golf.
Exotic pets: Unusual to own / Cute / Mammals / Monkeys.
Social Justice: Femminism / The role of women / The long fight in history / Strikes for equal payment for women.
Multiculturalism: Culture / Religion / Arabian beliefs / Hijab.
Psychology: It can be helpful / For the health brain / Types of problems that can help us with / Phobias.
Dancing: Types of dances / Romantic dances / Couple dances / Tango.
Reflections and thoughts: Try to figure out things / Investigate / Study / Philosophy.
Short stories: For kids / About animals / It has moral values / The wolf and the grapes.
Novels: Types of novels / Best selling novels / Mystery / The Da Vinci Code.
Cinema: Movies / Types of movies / Sci-fi movies / Avatar.
TV Series: Types of series / Cartoons / Familiar / The Simpsons.
The Victorian Era: Type of art back then / Paintings / Oil paint / God Speed painting.
Cute things: Small animals / Pets / Hairy / Puppies.
Steampunk: Music / Artists / Abney Park / Building Steam song.
Bikes: Types of bikes / Fast bikes / Bikes for bicycle racings / Proffesional bikes riders.
Chess: Type of board game / Need to think / Good players / Chess competitions.
Life on Campus: A good place to learn / Universities / Famous Universities / Harvard.
Adolescence: Teenagers / Mature / Changes in the body / Growth.
Harry Potter: Movies / About a school where magic is taught / Students with magic / Harry Potter character.
Comedy: Types of comedy / Parodies / Series / Family Guy.
Horror: Movies / Scary / Japanese casy movies / The Grudge.
Mystery: Suspense / Mystery books / For teenagers / "Daughter of deep silence".
All kind of music: Genres / Rock / Instruments / Guitar.
50s Music: Kinf of music / Rock n roll / Famous singers / Elvis Presley.
Punk: Music / Bands / Green Day / 21 Guns song.
EXERCISES FROM CLASS ( Brainstorming, Freewriting, Mapping, Clustering, Asking questions...).
Write for 5 minutes non-stop.
BRAINSTORMING. TYPES.
LISTING.
Culture shock.
Different traditions.
You don´t know anybody.
You don´t know any places.
A diferent language is spoken.
Different times to do specific things.
Different ways to do things you´re used to do differently.
Different types of food.
FREEWRITING.
Problems faced in college.
You don´t know where the classes are, so it will be hard to find them at first. You need to get used to the nw ways of teaching. You need to study more otherwise things will accumulate and more complicated. You don´t know the students, so you have to start again meeting new people. The schedule is different and that is complicated to get used to. Many times, students need a transport, because they can´t go walking and they need money and more time to use them. The classrooms are bigger, so you need to get a good spot quickly on the front, to see the blackboard and to listen to the teacher better. There are many students, so it is complicated for the teacher to answer or to pay attention to all of the students.
CLUSTERING
New technologies for communication.
ASKING QUESTIONS.
Short stories.
For who? Little kids, people who don´t like big books...
About what? Stories for kids, animals with moral lessons at the end.
Who are the best writers for short stories? People who know about kids, people with imagination...
Where can you get short stories? Shops, internet, books...
Who can be the protagonists of short stories? Anyone or anything. People, animals, objects...
HOMEWORK EXERCISES BOOK.
09/26/18.
1. Choose three topics from this list. Narrow each of the three down to a paragraph topic. Then compare with a partner.
a. Festivals: Familiar festivals / Christmas festivals / New year´s eve / In New York.
c. My country: Monuments / Cathedrals / In Barcelona / The Sacry Family.
d. Dancing: Types / Couple dances / Romantic dances / Tango.
e. Cars: Types of cars / Big cars / Trucks / Trucks for construction.
2. Work with a partner or smal group. Choose one of these topics. List as many ideas as you can in five minutes.
a. Teenage fashions.
Many styles, urban, casual....
Many teenagers would like it.
For many occassions such as festivals.
Teenagers might talk to me more.
People will think that I´m cooler.
I might not like the style sometimes.
b.Things to do at the beach.
Go for a swimming.
Get a tan.
Hanging.
To read books.
To play volleyball.
To play with the sand.
To take pictures.
To have fun.
Go for a walk by the sea.
c. Driving a motrobike.
Easier to park.
Usually faster than a car.
More dangerous than a car.
Usually cheaper than a car.
Only two seats.
Not good for bad weather.
You need self balancing.
Also need to wear a helmet.
3. Work alone. Choose a topic from exercise 1 on page 5, and list as many ideas as you can in five minutes.
d. My country.
A good place for tourists.
There are beaches.
Mediterranean climate.
Madrid is its capital.
It´s an European country.
There are historical monuments.
The language is spanish.
There are cities and villages.
4. Choose one of the narrowed down topics you thought of for exercise 1 on page 5. Practise freewriting for five minutes. Remember, do not stop, erase, or go back. Just write as much as you can.
b. Friends.
I love hanging out with my friends. I got friends from my old school and high school. Also I´m meeting some from the university. I always laugh a lot when I talk to them, we are always joking. And I always have good times with them. I still have friends that I met when I was 5 years old at school. And I love that, because I have a lot of confidence with them and we all know each other a lot. I can trust them, and if they can they would always try to help me. I think having friends is a thing that everybody should have. That´s why I think to socialize is a good thing, that way I can meet new people, and maybe some of them can become my friends.
5. Choose another narrowed down topic you thought of for exercise 1 on page 5. Make a map in five minutes. Share your map with a partner. Explain how much the cricles are related to each other.
Familiar festivals.
The Statue of Liberty
⇑
Cathedrals Mosques The United States The Eiffel Tower
⇑ ⇑ ↖ ↗
Christianity Muslim Countries → France
↖ ↗ ⇑
Religious Historical
↖ ↗
MONUMENTS
↓
Types according the country
↙ ↘
Egypt British
↙ ↘
Pyramids Ancient etc....
6. Look at the list you made in exercise 3 on page, the freewriting you did in exercise 4 on page 7, or the map you made in exercise 5 on page 8. Edit your brainstorming. Show your work to a partner. Explain how you edited your brainstorming.
Excersise 3.
d. My country.
A good place for tourists. Reasons why.
There are beaches. Where?
Mediterranean climate.
Madrid is its capital.
It´s an European country. More details.
There are historical monuments.
The language is spanish.
7. Complete the crossword puzzle.
After you choose a topic, you will need to brainstorm some ideas to write about in your paragraph. One way to do this is to make list. Another way of brainstorming is mapping. After you have written down many ideas, you can go back and decide which ones are the most interesting and most relevant to your topic.
Freewriting is a useful way to help you write more easily and naturally. In this kind of writing, you are working on fluency and not accuracy.
8. Look again at the note about brainstorming at the bottom of page 8. Brainstorm a list of pros (good things) and cons (bad things) about each of the three methods of brainstorming.
Lists
- Pros: Don´t need to write complete sentences. Get more ideas in less time. Fast way.
- Cons: Too many ideas. Wrong ideas. Not specific enough.
Freewriting
- Pros: Write ideas easily. More specific. Practice of fluency.
- Cons: Need to write complete sentence. Might make grammar mistakes. Need to write more.
Mapping
- Pros: Easily can see the relationship between the ideas. Organize the ideas. Show many ways.
- Cons: Too many ideas. Not specific. The ideas are not defined at all.
UNIT 2.
THE STRUCTURE OF A PARAGRAPH.
AND
UNIT 3. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PARAGRAPH.
Three parts of a paragraph:
- Topic Sentence.
- Supporting sentences.
- Concluding sentences.
Exercises in class.
Group 2. Group 3. Group 4.
Correct answer d. Correct answer a. Correct answer d.
Paragraph 1: Correct answer is f.
Paragraph 2: Correct answr is c.
Mark the Topic Sentence and underline the controlling idea.
1. Driving on freeways requires skill and alertness.
2. The Caribbean island of Trinidad attracts tourists because of the calypso music.
3. Spectacular beaches make Puerto Rico a tourist paradise.
4. Moving away from home can be a stressful experience for people.
5. Many religious rules arose from the health needs of ancient times.
6. A major problem for many students in the high cost of books.
7. Owning a car is a necessity for me.
8. It is an experience luxury to own a car in a large city.
1.1. Exercise.
Group 1.
1.1. Exercise.
- STEP 1: Read the sentences in each group and decide which is the best topic sentence.
- STEP 2: Dcide what is wrong with the other sentences. They may be too general, or they may be too specific.
Group 1.
- The history of astronomy is interesting. Too general.
- Ice age people recorded the appearance of new moons by making scratches in animal's bones. Too specific.
- For example, Stonehenge in Britain, built 3500 years ago to track the movement of the sun. Incomplete.
- Ancient people observed and recorded lunar and solar events in different ways. Best Topic Sentence.
Group 2.
- It is hard to know which foods are safe to eat nowadays. Best Topic Sentence.
- In some large ocean fish, there are high levels of mercury. Too specific.
- Undercooked chicken and hamburger may carry E. coli bacteria. Too specific.
- Not to mention mad cow disease. Incomplete.
- Food safety is an important issue. Too general
Group 3.
- Hybrid automobiles more economical to operate than gasoline-powered cars. Incomplete.
- The new hybrid automobiles are very popular. Too general.
- Hybrids cars have good fuel economy because a computer under the hood decides to run the electric motor, the small gasoline engine, or the two together. Too specific.
- The new hybrids automobiles are popular because of their fuel economy. Best Topic Sentence.
CHOOSE THE TOPIC SENTENCE.
Paragraph 1.
Sometimes people from english sepaking countries use words of another language without noticing.
Paragraph 2.
The differences European and North American universities are remarkable.
THE PARTS OF A PARAGRAPH.
Supporting sentences.
- Explain and prove the topic sentence. You need to use specific details to be thourough aand conoincing.
- There are several kinds of specific supporting details: examples, statistics and quotations...
Identify the Topic Sentence, the Controlling Idea and the Supporting Sentences.
- Topic Sentence: The first sentence.
- Controlling Idea: There are many different kinds.
- Supporting Idea: It provides details. It is using enumeration.
- Topic Sentence: The first Sentence.
- Controlling Idea: To explain in their environment.
- Supporting Idea: It is using explanation.
Red-Light Running example.
Example: Sentence nº 5.
Statistics: Sentence nº 3.
Quotation: Sentence nº 7.
UNIT 3. PAGE 17.
UNIT 3. PAGE 17.
Page 17.
2. In the paragraph above, underline the topic sentnece. Below, list the details used to support the topic sentence. Compare your answers with a partner.
a. We hae sate-of-the art exercise equipment.
b. Air conditioned rooms.
c. You can work out alone.
d. Join an aerobics or swimming class. Variety of classes.
e. Our staff nutrition experts.
f. You can relax with a whirlpool.
Page 18.
Explanation.
3. An explanation tells the reader what something means or how something works. In this paragraph, underline the topic sentnce. Then answer the questions.
Topic sentence: 2nd sentence.
a. What is the writer trying to explain? -The saying that his mother told him.
b. Is she successful? Do you understand the explanation? -I do understand the explanation.
Page: 23.
Giving constructive suggestions.
11. For each pair of sentences, chech V the one that you feel would be the most helpful to the writer. Share your answers with a partner, and explain your choices.
a. Can you make this topic sentence stronger?
b. Did you remember a concuding sentence?
c. Please explain more about your holiday. Where did you saty? What did you do during the day?
d. I´m not sure what this part means.
e. I think this sentence should come before the next one.
f. I think these two sentences are really saying the same thing.
g. Your paragraph is about your brother, but this sentence is about your sister. Are you sure it´s relevant?
h. I like your topic sentence because it has a strong main idea. Your example is funny. I wish I could meet your brother!
Page:24.
14. Read these statements. Write T (true) or F (fals). If the statement is false, change it to make it true. Then compare your answers with a partner.
a. Details give more specific information than the topic sentence. True.
b. An explanation tells the reader what something is or how it works. True.
c. A detail is usually a short, personal story. False.
d. The concluding sentence use the same words as the topic sentence. False.
e. The concluding sentence should finish the paragraph with a new idea. False.
f. A peer editor should mark any spelling and grammatical mistakes carefully. False.
g. A per editor should give some positive comments. True.
h. Peer editing helps the writer, not the reader. False.
i. If a peer editor can´t understand something that you wrote, then you know he or she isn´t a very good teacher. False.
j. A peer editor should be able to identify your topic sentence, main idea, and concluding sentence easily. True.
10/04/18.
WRITE A PARAGRAPH EXERCISE ABOUT "THERE ARE CERTAIN CELL PHONE RULES THAT EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW"
PEER EDITING.
Written by: Alba Sánchez Guillamón.
THERE ARE CERTAIN RULES OF CELL PHONE MANNERS THAT EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW.
Today almost everyone use cell phones to talk and although we do not see each other there are manners we should keep in mind. First we should introduce ourselves and watch our lenguage; most of the population answer questions like "who is this?" by saying "It´s me", which could cause confussion. Besides it is polite to warn our conversational partner if we are going to turn on the speaker, because maybe he or she would not like anyone else to hear the conversation. And, for last but not least, the best way to end a talk is to say good bye. Therefore, even if we are far away from our interlocutor, it is better to be well-mannered.
Peer - Editing Worksheet 1.
The paragraph is interesting and already familiar to me.
I think it´s interesting when she mentions a good way to end a conversation.
I do understand everything.
There are 5 sentences.
I would have liked more information of good ways of saying hello with the phone.
The best feature of this paragraph is the way the ideas are expressed.
Peer - Editing Worksheet 2.
The paragraph is interesting. It is specially interesting the order she puts the things (well structured).
Today almost everyone use cell phones to talk and although we do not see each other, there are mannes whe should keep in mind. The underlined part is the controlling idea and the rest is the topic sentence.
There are 4 supporting sentences.
There is at least one example for every supporting point.
I would have liked more information about good ways to say good bye apart from just saying good bye.
The concluding sentence of the paragraph is Therefore, even if we are far away from our interlocutor, it is better to be well- mannered.
The best feature ih this paragraph is the way it is structured.
Peer - Editing Worksheet 5.
The paragraph is interesting. What it is specially interesting to me is the way the writer decided to develop this topic. I developed it in a very different way with different ideas, however I liked it.
I do understand everything.
Today almost everyone use cell phones to talk and although we do not see each other, there are mannes whe should keep in mind. The underlined part is the controlling idea and the rest is the topic sentence.
There are 3 supporting points.
There is at least one example for every supporting point.
I would have liked more information about the examples, to develop them more.
I can find 5 transition signals.
The best feature of this paragraph is the concept that the writer had for this topic.
SELF EDITING.
CERTAINS MANNERS WHEN USING THE CELL PHONE.
They have had a huge impact in our lives these past years. We use them for almost every occasion. However, there are still certain rules that people need to know when it comes to suing their cell phones. For example, I remember one day, I was hanging out with my friends. We were all with our technology devices, until one of my friends started talking, so I stopped using mine. However, the rest of my friends were still with their phones. Eeven if they weren´t interested, they should have stopped using their mobiles to show respect to the person that was talking. As soon as my friend saw that they seemed more interested with their phones, he stopped talking. They should have known that was unpolite. That is why we need to know certain rules when using our cell phones. That way we can avoid this kind of rude situations.
11-10-2018.
PROOF-READING EXERCISES.
FIND SIX ERRORS IN THE PARAGRAPH SEEN IN CLASS THIS DAY.
- Jogging → To jog. (inf/ger).
- Received→ Receive (N-form).
- Regularly→ Regular (wf).
- Time→ Times (pl).
- During→ When (wc).
- Take care→ of (^).
(b) Examples of the most common types of error in student writing are shown below. In each case underline the error and correct it.
- Factual: Corruption is a big problem in many countries such as Africa.
(ii) Innocent.
- Punctuation: However some strains of malaria are resistant.
(iii) However ,
- Tense: Since 2005 there were three major earthquakes in the region.
(iv) There have been.
- Vocabulary: ... vital to the successfulness of a company operating in China.
(v) Success.
- Spelling: pervious experience can sometimes give researchers...
(vi) Previous.
- Singular/Plural: one of the largest company in Asia.
(vii) Companies.
- Style: ... finally, the essay will conclude with a conclusion.
(viii) Will end.
- Missing word: an idea established by David Ricardo in nineteenth century.
(ix) The.
- Word order: a rule of marketing which states that consumers when go out shopping...
(x) When consumers got out shopping......
(c) The following extracts each contain one type of error. Match each to one of the examples (i-x) above, and corret the error.
- Products like Tiger biscuits are well-known to kids.
- Both companies focus on mass marketing to promote its line of products.
- Failure to find the right coffee may lead to torment for consumers.
- ... different researchers have differently effects on the research.
- After the single European market was established in 1873...
- ... experienced researchers can most likely come over these problems.
- Firstly because, it provides them with an opportunity of borrowing capital...
- The company selected Hungry for setting up its research centre.
- These cases demonstrates why specialist from the rest of world are eager to...
- Since 2003 few companies entered the French market.
(d) Underline the errors in the paragraph below and then re-write it.
Many non-European businesses are aiming to enter single European market as they see an unexploited potential there. There are two reasons for this interest. Firstly, the non-european organisations are keen to do a business in the European markets because it is one of leading investment destination and easiest place to set up and run a business. Secondly, the single European market provide forein investors with an internationally competitive tax environment. Lastly there's lots of rich people living in the country.
Many non-European businesses are aiming to enter single European market as they see an unexploited potential there. There are three reasons for this interest. Firstly, the non-european organisations are keen to do businesses in the Eurpean markets because it is one of the leading investment destination and easiest place to set up to run a business. Secondly, the single European market provides foreign inverstors with an internationally competitive tax environment. Lastly there are a lot of rich people living in the country.
Many non-European businesses are aiming to enter single European market as they see an unexploited potential there. There are two reasons for this interest. Firstly, the non-european organisations are keen to do a business in the European markets because it is one of leading investment destination and easiest place to set up and run a business. Secondly, the single European market provide forein investors with an internationally competitive tax environment. Lastly there's lots of rich people living in the country.
Many non-European businesses are aiming to enter single European market as they see an unexploited potential there. There are three reasons for this interest. Firstly, the non-european organisations are keen to do businesses in the Eurpean markets because it is one of the leading investment destination and easiest place to set up to run a business. Secondly, the single European market provides foreign inverstors with an internationally competitive tax environment. Lastly there are a lot of rich people living in the country.
DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH DESCRIBING THIS PLACE.
One of my favourite places to relax while I can see a beautiful landscape is a cliff located in La Manga. This cliff is next to the beach where I usually go. It makes me feel peaceful, because of the sound of the waves crashing into the rocks, calm me down. Sometimes it is really crowded since it is huge, and a lot of people fit in and the can sit. Depending on the hour of the day, different colours can be seen. In the daylight, it is really colourful. However at night, barely any colour can be seen, but also the sounds can be more appreciated. So I definitely reccomend this place to relax and also to enjoy the nature and a beautiful landscape.
UNIT 4. DESCRIPTIVE AND PROCESS PARAGRAPHS.
Exercises from the book.
Page:26
2. Read this description from a travel brochure. Circle the adjectives.
Niagara Falls, a popular destination for thousands of visitors each year, is a beautiful place. When you stand at the edge and look down at the 188 feet of white waterfalls, you feel amazed at the power of nature. the tree-lined river that leads into the falls is fast-moving, pouring over the edge of the falls and crashing to the bottom in a loud roar. If you want to experience the falls close up, go for a bpat ride. You´ll come near enough to look up at the roaring streams of water flowing over the edge and feel yhe cool mist that rises as the water hits the rock below. Seeing Niagara Falls is an unforgettable experience!
3. Read this paragraph that describes someone´s favourite place. Underline the prepositions.
My favourite place to relax is a small café down the street from where I live. This café is on a small side street and as soon as you see it, you feel like going in. There are three windows on either side of the door, and each window has a small window box with brightly coloured flowers. There is a small wooden door that opens into the café, and as you go in, you can see a dozen small tables all around the room. Even though it isn´t a big place, its size makes it very cosy and comfortable. I always like to sit at a small table in the corner near the front windows. From here, I can look at the artwork on the walls and at the pretty green plants hanging from the ceiling. With a strong cup of coffe and a good book, I feel very happy and relaxed in my favourite café.
Page:27
4. Write six sentences to describe the place where you are right now. Try to answer some of the questions under Using adjectives on page 25. Use adjectives and prepositions.
Right now I am in my bedroom.
- It is very large but at the same time, it is also really narrow.
- It is usually quite warm, because the sun usually is facing my window.
- It is also very coloruful, since the walls are violet and the ceiling is dark blue.
- It has a very comfortable bed too.
- And from my point of view my room is beautiful and I like it.
- It is kind of nostalgic sometimes, because it can be seen many pict
5. With a partner, add at least two other adjectives to the two lists above.
Describing a character.
Describing people.
Here are some common adjectives for describing people:
Personality. Physical characteristics.
Happy, satisfied. Big, large, tall.
Relaxed. Small, tiny, short.
Exciting. Thin.
Nervous. Heavy.
Angry. Strong.
Serious. Weak.
Sad, depressed. Brown-, black-, blond-, red-haired.
Outgoing. Light-, dark-skinned.
Funny. Freckles.
Smart. Bold.
Page:28.
6. Read this description written by a young woman about her grandmother. Circle the adjectives that describe the grandmother.
When I was young, I admired my grandmother for her strenght and kindness. Shes was not very big. In fact, she was tiny and very thin, She was strong, though. She lived by herself and still did a lot of the chores around her house. When I was a child, I saw her almost every day, and she and I would talk about everything. She was a very happy person and was always smiling and joking, and she often made me laugh. My grandmother was also very patient, and she would listen to all of my problems. She gave me very good advice whenever I needed it. I didn´t need to be afraid to tell her anything, because she never got annoyed with me. She just listened and tried to help, I also liked to spend time with her because she had interesting stories to tell me about her own childhood and life experiences. When I was young, my grandmother was my best friend.
Page:29.
Process paragraphs.
9. A process paragraph is a description of how to do something. It explains the steps you need to follow to complete an activity. Read this recipe and to do exercises below.
Mike´sBrown Rice and Vegetables.
- a. Underline the topic sentence and the concluding sentence of the paragraph.
TOPIC SENTENCE: Brown rice and vegetables is a simple and delicious meal to make.
CONCLUDING SENTENCES: Now you are ready to enjoy your delicious brown rice and vegetables!
- b. List the steps for making brown rice and vegetables in the order you find them.
- Cook the rice.
- Cut the vegetables into one-inch pieces.
- Heat the oil, chilli sauce, and garlic.
- Add the vegetables and fry them.
- Stir in the cooked rice.
- Add salt and pepper.
- c. How are the steps in the paragraph concerned together? What words do you see that help show the sequence to follow? Underline them.
The sentences are connected with transition words and connectors. The ones that are used are: First, next, afyer, that, now and finally.
Page:30.
11. Choose appropiate transition words to connect the steps inthis paragraph about preparing for a trip.
Planning a holiday abroad? Here are some suggestions to make your trip successful. FIRST, find out if you need a visa for the country that you want to visit. Make sure you have enough time to apply for it. BEFORE you buy your ticket. AFTER you´ve found out about visas, you should research airfares and timetables. NEXT, look for the best flight for you. Remember, the cheapest flight may stop over in several cities and reduce the amount of time you have to spend at your destination. You might want to fly direct. WHEN you´re researching flights, you can also ask your travel agent about getting a good deal on a hotel. It´s a good idea to book your flight and hotel early if you´re sure of your destination. If you haven´t already done it, the NEXT step is to learn about places to visit, the weather, the food, and other details about the country. the Internet can be a very useful source of information. FINALLY, on the day of your flight, make sure you go to the airport at least two hours before your flight. Now you are ready to start enjoying your holiday!
Page:31.
Ordering sentences.
12. Order the steps to form a process paragraph. Write 1 nect to the first step, 2 for the second step, and so on.
- a: 2.
- b: 4.
- c: 6.
- d: 5.
- e: 3.
- f: 7.
- g: 1.
16/10/2018.
UNIT 5. OPINION PARAGRAPHS.
OPINION PARAGRAPH are a mix between opinions and facts.
Opinions are based on facts.
We use facts as a support for our opinion.
Page: 33.
1. Read this letter to the editor of a newspaper. Answer the questions
a. What is the main idea of this paragraph? Circle the sentence.
More people should ride bycicles into town.
b. What is the writer´s purpose? Why did he write this letter?
The writer´s purpose is to convince people abou the pollution. He wrote this letter because ke looks forwars to change people´s habits, so they begin using bycicles.
c. Underline the sentence or parts of sentences that show an opinion.
More people should ride byciles into town. Citizens who want a cleaner, nicer place to live ought to try this non-polluting form of transport. Car traffic in town is terrible. The city must not allow this problem to get worse.
d. Why do you think the writer concluded a fact in the paragraph?
The fact is: Last year, seventy-three percent of all workers drove their own car to work. He wrote to say that it was too much. And that provokes car traffic, pollution.... He´s making a connection with the first sentence and the third one.
Page: 34.
2. Do these types of writing use mostly facts, mostly opinions or, an even mixture of both? Write F for fact, O for opinion, or B for both. Explain your choices to a partner.
a: B. Film a review.
b: O. Advice column.
c: F. Police repor for a crime.
d: F. Travel brochure.
e: F. News report.
f: B. Book report for a university literature class.
g: B. Magazine advertisement.
h: B. Personal e-mail to a friend.
3. Can you think of other types of writing that use opinions? Make a list. Then make a list of types of writing that use facts.
- Use opinions: A personal blog, entries that readers do in different webpages for commenting on topics, a politician speech.
- Use facts: A scientific report, History report, TV news.
4. Read these sentences. Write F if the sentence is a fact, and O if the sentence is an opinion.
a. Airfares have become too expensive: Opinion.
b. English is an easier language to learn than Arabic: Opinion.
c. Owls are birds that hunt at night: Fact.
d. I was born in New York City: Fact.
e. Exercise is the best way to stay healthy: Opinion.
f. Internet use has increased every year since its beginning: Fact.
h. Big cities are dangerous at night: Opinion.
g. Engineering is the best career choice: Opinion.
5. Write three fact sentences and three opinion sentences.
- Three fact sentences.
Spain is an European country.
I was born in Murcia.
China is the biggest country in the world.
- Three opinion sentences.
The United States is the best country in the world.
Vanilla ice cream is better than chcolate ice cream.
Tall people are better at playing sports.
WAYS OF EXPRESSING AN OPINION.
- Direct Statement: That includes something that is relative. "Teachers earn a low wage".
- Using an introductory element: In my opinion, I think, I believe, I feel that.... are announcing that what comes later is an opinion. Don´t abuse the use. 1 very paragrahp aprox.
- Using a modal: We are going to show our opinion but without being so explicit. "Teachers should earn more money". More gentle, smarter. It cant be comcined with the previous one. "In my opinion teachers should....." That is not reccommended.
Page: 35.
8. Read the paragraph below. Circle the most appropiate modal auxiliary in each sentence.
a: Should.
b: Can´t.
c: Must.
d: Could.
e: Should.
f: Ought to.
Page: 36.
Expressing opinions: class survey.
9. Read these statements that express opinions. Add three of your own.
1. Smoking shoul be banned in all restaurants and bars: I disagree with this, because they have the right to smoke. There should be rooms only for smokers so the don´t annoy anybody.
2. University students should not have part-time jobs: I disagree with this, because if they need the money for their studies, part-time jobs can be really helpful.
3. Teenagers should not leave high school until they finish it: I agree with this, because everybody should have a minimum of knowledge, that would help them fortheir futures.
4. Students at unversity should have a low wage from the government: I disagree with this, because even though it would be really helpful for students, it would cost too much money for the government.
5. There should be compulsory P.E. classes at the universities: I agree with this, because after classes, many students don´t have any free time to exercise. But this would make them to keep healthier.
18/10/2018.
Page: 37.
13. Complete this opinion paragraph using because or since, so, or Therefore. Add punctuation where necessary.
a: so. Because that shows a title conncection.
b: because or since.
c: since or beacuse.
d: so.
e: because or since.
f: Therefore.
Page: 38.
14. Use the connectors of cause and effect in brackets to join these ideas. You may change the ordeer of ideas. You may make one sentence or two. Use appropiate punctuation.
a. The city doesn´t have enough money so we ought to increase council tax.
b. I´m going to leave my part-job because I don´t have enough time for my homework.
c. Some plants and trees are dying since this summer has been very dry.
d. Many students are graduating with nursing degrees thereferore it might be hard for nurses to find jobs in the future.
e. My friends all recommend that restaurant so I will try it this weekend.
15. Look again at the opinions that were expressed in exercise 9 on page 36. Complete these sentences in your notebook with your own ideas about these opinions. Use appropiate punctuation.
a. Because it can be harmful for our health, smoking must be banned in all restaurants and bars.
b. Universities students should not have part-time jobs since that can affect negatively to their marks.
c. Many teenagers leve high school befor finishing, so that is making more uncultured people.
d. Since many students don´t have enough money, they should receive a payment from the government.
e. There should be compulsory PE classes at the university because that is healthy.
f. Many people throw trash to the streets. Therefore many streets are dirty and unhealthy.
OPINION PARAGRAPH EXERCISE HOMEWORK.
WRITE 2 OPINION PARAGRAPHS FOR THIS TEXT.
INTERNET FOR REFUGEES.
MARK ZUCKERBERG.
"We'll be working with UNHCR to bring the Internet to refugee camps. Connectivity will help refugees better access support from the aid community and maintain their links to family and loved ones, and Facebook is in a unique position to help maintain this life-line.”
Read more: http://www.newsinlevels.com/products/internet-for-refugees-level-3/
Analysis of a TED Talk.
We are going to watch a TED talk and answer the following questions:
1. What´s the topic of the TED talk? What´s the main idea? When does the speaker introduce his idea? How?
-Educational system. -He says that creativity is as important as any other subejct at schools. However we are not developing that creativity because of educational systems, educational systems don´t take into account creativity. -At the beginnig he refers to the contest. He makes a summary and tries to connect all the ideas the other people have talked in the TED talks. TED talks take many days, and a lot of people talk. -He does it connecting the previous topics talked in other conferences.
2. What are the means of support used by the speaker to convince us that his opinion is right? Provide examples.
He support his ideas mentioning the example of a girl who became a dancer, also he talks about William Shakespeare. Each of his ideas he tries to illustrate it with one example.
3. What´s the speaker´s conclusion? How does he "conclude"?
Perhaps the modal we have nowadays is no longer effective. We´ll be needing different things later.
23/10/2018.
UNIT 6. COMPARISON / CONTRAST PARAGRAPHS.
Comparison and Contrast Paragraphs text.
1st Text. (Comparison).
It is comparison.
The topic is "my hometown and my college town".
Words that tell us, that is a comparison paragraph: both, similarly, in the same way, similar, likewise.
The main supporting points, there are 3: The 1st idea that supports the fact that they are the same "both are small". 2nd idea is that they are located in rural areas. And they are related to farms....
We state the idea first and then we get the description for each of the elements.
For expressing what they both have in common, we use a transition word.
Page: 42.
3. Complete these sentences with phrases from above.
a. The architecture of some modern government building is similar to they type of construction used hundreds of years ago.
b. In recent years, new technology such as mobile telephones has made life convenient, similarly/likewise , The Internet has made a wise variety of information avaiable to everyone.
c. Both the rivers and the lakes are clear and beautiful.
d. The capital city is just as modern as the cities in many other countries.
2nd Text (Contrast).
The topic is "Arizona and Rhode Island". The controlling idea is that they are different. There are 2 different things, because we are contrasting. There are 3 main ideas(size, population and natural environment), and the 3 of them are different. We get each of the ideas and then we get the details divided with the transition signals wich is a contrast: different in many ways, whereas, another difference, however, but, also differ in, while....These transition signals are good for contrasting.
Page: 43.
4. Complete these sentences with phrases from above.
a. Some tourists enjoy going on organised tours, while/but/though many other tourists travelling on their town.
b. The two books are very different from each other.
c. The cost of studying in a college or university in Britain is very high. In contrast/on the other hand/however in many other countries, the cost is much lower.
d. Changes in technology are ocurring more quickly than in the past.
Page: 41.
Comparing and contrasting.
2. Read Yuko´s e-mail message to her friend and answer the questions.
The topic sentence is "My parents want me to live with a hst family in the city, but I want to live in a shared flat in a hall of residence in the campus" It is about living either with a host family or in the residence in the campus.
It is a contrast paragraph, by using contrast linkers: on the other hand, however, another difference is that....
Page: 45.
6. Read the two paragraphs above then answer the questions,
a. Which paragraph mostly compares and which mostly contrasts?
The first one mostly contrasts and the second one mostly compares.
b. Finish filling in the outlines on page 46 for each paragraph.
Paragraph 1.
Topic A-reading a book.
Supporting points:
1. We use imagination.
2. Conversations, descriptions.
TopicB- Watching a film.
Supporting points:
1. Imagination is not needed. The pictures are shown and details are seen.
2. Conversations are spoken aloud.
Paragraph 2.
First point of comparison-difficult childhood.
A1: Spent many years in an orphanage.
B1: Princess Diana-mother left family.
Second point of comparison- Both married famous men.
A2: Princess Diana-married Prince Charles, later separated from him.
B2: Married a famous basseball player and later a famous writer.
Third point of comparison- Popularity.
A3: She was called the people´s princess.
B3: sexy but in a sense of inocence that people liked.
Fourth point of comparison-had emotional problems.
A4: Marilyn Monroe- She had a serious depression.
B4: Princess Diana: She had eating problems and depresion.
Firft point of comparison- Deaths.
A5: At age 36 in 1962.
B5: At age 36 in 1997.
Page: 46.
7. Look again at the second paragraph in exercise 2 on page 41. Does it use point-by-point or block organisation? How do you know?
The first one uses block organisation, because it first talks about supporting points for the first topic. Then compare or contrast those same points to the second point.
The second one uses point-by-point organisation because it compares or contrasts one point about the two topics, then a second point, then a third point and so on.
Page: 40.
1. Brainstorm ideas to compare and contrast. Think of people, places, and things. Then compare your lists with a partner.
People: Spiderman and Batman / Men and women.
Places: Spain and Italy / Spain and Japan.
Things: Laptop and cell phone / Pizza and hamburgers.
Page: 44.
Homework. 4 similarities and 4 differences.
5. Write eight sentences about these two cars. Write about four similarities and four differences.
Similarities:
Both cars were made in Germany.
The first car is for sale and the second car is for sale too.
Also, both cars are being driven by one dog.
And the first car is just as nlack as the second one.
Differences:
The first car is much bigger than the second one.
The first car is cheap, however the second one is more expensive.
The first car is slow while the second one is faster.
The first car has 4 seats but the second one has only two.
25/10/2018.
Example Block Method Paragraph.
It is a contrast paragraph. Because we can find transition signals such as rather than, as interesting as those...
Example Point-by-Point Method.
The thesis is that they are different, and at the end we have the conlcusion. In the middle, in this case we have chose the different features that we want to analyze of this teachers, and we go one by one. From one aspect to another. There are also transition signals such as however...
Page:48.
10. Read this paragraph from a school newspaper. List the supporting points. Does the paragraph discuss advantages or disadvantages?
The paragraph discusses the advantages of studying abroad and in your own country:
Supporting points:
living in another country:
The supporting points are that:
Topic ideas for poems of comparison.
How does my subject look like a person?
How does my subject act like a person?
A kitchen appliance, a toaster.
Pre-writing: Thinking about problems - an activity -.
TS: Nowadays unemployment is rising on young people.
Parents have to pay for themselves they also need money to pay the young adults.
Due to unemployment, overquialified young people have to look for less paid jobs.
If this is not changed in the future, young people will care less about studying, since they know that won´t guarantee them a good job. And they will start working very young instead of studying.
Page:52.
4. Read the paragraphs on page 51 again. Underline the conditional sentences.
- If deforestation continues, the world´s climate may change. - If you use less paper, fewer trees will be cut for paper making. - If you follow the three Rs - reduce, reuse, and recycle - you can help the world´s forests.
5. Complete these sentences by circling the correct form of the verb.
a. If you don´t use a map when you drive, you could get lost.
b. Students will do badly in their exams if they don´t get enough sleep.
c. If you want to lose weight, exercise three times a week.
d. If you fly there, it will be faster than taking the train.
e. Many arguments can be avoided if you think before you speak.
f. I will go to that film if I find someone to go with me.
6. Complete these sentences with your own ideas. Then compare with a partner.
a. If it rains this weekend, I will stay at home.
b. If the library isn´t open tomorrow, I will have to study at home.
c. If petrol prices increase even more, I will start using a bicycle.
d. If you don´t have a ride home, I´ll call you tonight.
e. If you get a job, you can make a lot of money.
f. If you don´t come with me, I won´t go on holiday.
06/11/2018.
Page:53.
10. Work with a group. For each of these topic sentences, brainstorm solutions. Introduce each solution with one of the phrases above. Then link of one more problem together, and give it to another group to discuss.
a. We must reduce exam stress for secondary school students.
One thing we can do is to put less exams and more projects instead.
In order to overcome these problems, we can give more chances to do exams.
In order to solve these problems, teachers should give speeches to their students in order to calm them and make them feel more secure.
b. Teenagers spend so much time using their mobile phones that they are no longer skilled at face-to-face interaction.
One solution is to limit the time people use their mobile phones.
To meet this need, people should talk instead of using their phones, when they are meeting someone.
In order to overcome these problems, sellers should warn buyers of the problems of addiction that mobile phones can cause.
c. In the next five to ten years, experts predict that there won´t be enough doctors and nurses to meet hospitals´needs.
In order to solve these problems, we need to encourage students to study about healthcare.
A second thing we can do is to pay more money to the doctors and nurses. That way, more people will be interested in that job.
To meet this need, people need to be warned about this.
d. We need to find ways to protect young children from violence on television.
One solution is to make parents explain to their children the situations.
One thing we can do is to do strikes in order to make television more cautious about this.
To meet this need, television should wait until late to show any violence.
e. We need to produce less polution.
One answer is to use bicycles instead of cars.
A second answer is to make public transpot cheaper, and encourage people to use them.
One thing we can do is to build more bicycles paths.
Page:54.
11. With a partner, talk about the solutions that his student brainstormed for her topic. Mark each one strong, OK, or weak.
Topic sentence: I need more money while I am at university.
PROBLEM PARAGRAPH.
Topic Sentence: Nowadays unemployment is rising on young people.
Nowadays unemployment on youth has been increasing really fast lately. This is due to the fact that, most people prefer older workers, since they think they have more experience. Many people don´t even give a chance to young people. This is a problem, because many young people are studying, and a lot of them need money to pay for their studies. However if they can´t get a job, that can lead to two problems. One would be that many teenagers ask the money to their parents, however a lot of parents can´t afford it. The second problem would be that many young people quit studying because they
don´t have money, and they just look for low-jobs.
SOLUTION PARAGRAPH.
In order to overcome this problem, people need to trust more in young people and give them at least a chance to work for them. One thing we can do is to hire more young people, and understand that they need to work and although maybe at first they will need to learn. They should understand that if a young person is very hard-working, it doesn´t matter if he/she is not very experienced at frist. Being hard-working will make him/her develop the skills that are needed for the job.
Punctuation Rules. Sentences using commas.
1. A company that wants to be successful must spend a great deal of money to advertise its products. NO COMMAS.
2. Advertising is essential to the free enterprise systme, yet it can sometimes be very annoying. COORDINATOR.
3. Every minute of the day and night people are exposed to ads on television, on billboards, in the newspapers, and in magazines. COORDINATOR.
4. You cannot even avoid advertising in the privacy of your own car or your own home, for advertisers have begun selling their products in those places, too. TAG FUNCTION.
5. years, INTRODUCER.
13/11/2018.
UNIT 8. THE STRUCTURE OF AN ESSAY.
What is an essay?
An essay is a Composition.
Three main parts of an essay:
Tips for a good thesis statement.
One way to develop a thesis statement for an essay is to write opinions you have about the topic. Begin, I think that.. and complete the sentences with your opinion. Then remove I think that... and the remaining words make a possible thesis statement.
Page:61.
6. For each of these topics, write tro or three opinions you have, starting with I think that.
a. exercise.
I think that exercise is good for keeping phisycal and mental health.
I think that exercise is a good and healthy leisure activity.
I think that exercise must be always present in our lives.
b. university study.
I think that university study helps to get a job easier.
I think that university study has been growing lately.
I think that university study should be cheaper.
c. the Internet.
I think that the Internet has been developing into big steps these past few years.
I think that the Internet makes our lives easier.
I think that the Internet is one of the best developments ever made.
d. music.
I think that music is a great way to cheer someone up.
I think that music can help people to concentrate better.
I think that music is a god leisure activity.
HOMEWORK. WRITE AN ESSAY ABOUT A TOPIC THAT YOU ARE INTERESTED FOLLOWING THE STPES PROVIDED IN THE LINK BELOW.
https://owl.excelsior.edu/writing-process/essay-writing/essay-writing-see-it-in-practice/
THE RISE OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON YOUNG PEOPLE
These past few years unemployment has been rising really fast on young people. People prefer older people that have already worked and also have more experience. This can become a big problem if we do not find a solution. It can lead to bad consequences. For example some of those bad consequences are more unacademic students, inexpert people and economic problems in families.
Everybody would tell young people to study for the future. We are always being encouraged thinking that with a degree, after so many years of studying, we will get a job for sure. However this is not the case. Actually there are a lot of people that have studied a degree but however they are working on something that has nothing to do with their degrees. Knowing this, more and more people will quit as soon as possible and try to get any job they can find.
Also, as it was said before in the introduction, one of the main problems why young people do not get hired is because bosses rather people with experience. However it is impossible to get expeience if you never get a job. This can make people forget what they have studied since they are not practicising it.
Finally, another big consequence of this problem is the economic problems of families. If young people do not get a job, they do not earn any money, that means that they will not be able to afford things that they need. These people still need thir parents to pay for them vital things. This is a real struggle for parents because paying for the costs for a young person is a lot of money that not everybody can afford for the rest of their lives.
To conclude with, we need to encourage people to hire more young people and to at least give them a chance. Otherwise they will never fullfill their potential. Bosses need to think they were also unexperienced back then and that they have become very far. We all need to grant that opportunity to young people.
20/11/2018.
UNIT 9.
OUTLINIG AN ESSAY.
Page:65.
Don´t Support Nuclear Energy!
QUESTIONS.
1. What will the thesis statement be?
Nuclear power is not a good energy source for the world.
2. How many paragraphs there will be here?
There will be 5 paragraphs.
3. How many supporting points will the third paragraph have?
The third paragraph will have 2 supporting points. (letters).
4. How many details will the fourth paragraph have?
The fourth paragraph will have 8 details. (numbers).
Page:66.
2. Fill in this outline for the essay in Unit 8, exercise 1 on page 57. Then compare with a partner.
The Changing Vocabulary of English.
I. Thesis Statement: African Americans have brought new vocabulary to the English as well as they have changed the meaning of some the words that already existed.
II. Words introduced by African Americans slaves.
A. OK.
1. From an African language.
2. Now used all over the world to mean that everything is all right.
B. Jazz.
1. Came from African Americans that were musicians in New Orleans.
2. Exact origin unknown.
III. Changes of the meaning of words.
A. Cool.
1. Original meaning.
2. New meanings.
B. Square.
1. Original meaning.
2. New meanings.
IV. Conclusion: Exisiting ethnic groups in the United States as well as new immigrants will certainly continue to bring new words to English and give fresh meanings to existing words.
Page:67.
3. Label each statement T for thesis statement, M for main idea, S for supporting point, or C for conclusion.
Title: The Benefits of Yoga. S.
a. Develops clear thinking. M.
b. Physical benefits. S.
c. Improves concentration. S.
d. Reduces fear, anger, and worry. S.
e. Mental benefits. M.
f. Improves blood circulation. S.
g. Improves digestion. S.
h. Helps you feel calm and careful. S.
i. Develops self-confidence. S.
j. Doing yoga regularly can be good for your mind, your body, and your emotions. T.
k. Makes you strong and flexible. S.
l. Therefore, to nuild mental, physical, and emotional health, consider doing yoga. S.
m. Emotional benefits. M.
Page:68.
5. With a partner, check the outline on page 69 for organisation, support, and topic development. What should the author add, substract, or change in this outline? Share your ideas with another pair. Did you make the same recommendations?
I.
OK.
II.
Points B and C should be swapped.
Point E should be deleted (not relevant).
III.
III and IV should be swapped.
Point A might include a second category of people who come to San Francisco to get rich.
Point B should is not relevant.
Point C3 is not relevant.
Point D should be more specific.
Point F should be deleted.
Point G could be more specific.
IV.
Point B should discuss expenses for food and clothing. In order to be parallel with the section on San Francisco today.
V.
OK.
Thesis statement. Develop a complete outline.
When buying an used car, use these four strategies to get the best price.
UNIT 10. INTRODUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS.
Page:72.
1. Read the introduction to the essay in Unit 8, exercise 1 on page 57. Complete this diagram.
General ideas.
Most Americans would probably say that their language comes from England.
Other countries have influenced english as a language.
Some words come from other countires.
Thesis Statement.
Somes words have been contributed by the African Americans.
2. Read and discuss the following introductions with a partner. Mark the strong introductions with a tick (V). Mark the weak introductions with a cross (X). What could the writers do to make the weak introductions strong?
29/11/2018.
The conclusion...
Page:74.
5. Look at the essay in Unit 8, exercise 1 on page 57 again. Answer these questions.
Page:78. 7. Read paragraph a in Unit 8, exercise 3 on page 58 again. Choose the best concluding paragraph, below.
Paragraph a.
11/12/2018.
Page:83.
4. Use transitions from the list above, or others that you know to connect these sentences taken from the essay about Chinese medicine on page 79. When you have finished, compare your answers with the essay.
Instead of focusing on a patient´s health problems, Chinese medicine tries to make the patient´s whole body well again. Specifically , doctors of Chinese medicine believe that inside people, there are two types of energy. The first type of energy, called `yin´, is quiet and passive. The other type of energy, called ´yang´, is active. When there is imbalance - too much yin,for instance - a person becomes unhealthy. A doctor of Chinese medicine doesn´t try to stop a person´s cough by giving a cough medicine. Instead , the doctor gives a mixture of herbs that will restore balance in the patient´s body. Therefore , when the body is in balance, the cough will stop naturally.
Page:84.
5. For each of the italicised pronouns in this passage, identify the noun or noun phrase to which it refers. Write your answers on the lines below the text.
13/12/2018.
Page:87.
11. These pairs of entences need to be joined together to form English proverbs. Choose the best transition word or phrase to connect each pair. Compare your answers with a partner, and then discuss the possible meaning of each proverb.
a. Don´t count your chickens before.
b. When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.
c. Time flies when you´re having fun.
d. You can lead a horse to water, but you can´t make it drink.
e. Laugh, and the world laughs with you. Cry, cry you cry alone.
f. You don´t know what water is worht until your well is dry.
12. Think of one or two proverbs in your language and translate them into English. Share yours with the class. Then choose one of the proverbs and write a paragraph explaining its meaning.
18/10/2018.
Page: 37.
13. Complete this opinion paragraph using because or since, so, or Therefore. Add punctuation where necessary.
a: so. Because that shows a title conncection.
b: because or since.
c: since or beacuse.
d: so.
e: because or since.
f: Therefore.
Page: 38.
14. Use the connectors of cause and effect in brackets to join these ideas. You may change the ordeer of ideas. You may make one sentence or two. Use appropiate punctuation.
a. The city doesn´t have enough money so we ought to increase council tax.
b. I´m going to leave my part-job because I don´t have enough time for my homework.
c. Some plants and trees are dying since this summer has been very dry.
d. Many students are graduating with nursing degrees thereferore it might be hard for nurses to find jobs in the future.
e. My friends all recommend that restaurant so I will try it this weekend.
15. Look again at the opinions that were expressed in exercise 9 on page 36. Complete these sentences in your notebook with your own ideas about these opinions. Use appropiate punctuation.
a. Because it can be harmful for our health, smoking must be banned in all restaurants and bars.
b. Universities students should not have part-time jobs since that can affect negatively to their marks.
c. Many teenagers leve high school befor finishing, so that is making more uncultured people.
d. Since many students don´t have enough money, they should receive a payment from the government.
e. There should be compulsory PE classes at the university because that is healthy.
f. Many people throw trash to the streets. Therefore many streets are dirty and unhealthy.
OPINION PARAGRAPH EXERCISE HOMEWORK.
WRITE 2 OPINION PARAGRAPHS FOR THIS TEXT.
INTERNET FOR REFUGEES.
MARK ZUCKERBERG.
Facebook co-founder Mark Zuckerberg announced plans to help bring the Internet to UN refugee camps today. He spoke at the United Nations Private Sector Forum. He joined U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, and U2 frontman Bono in addressing the crowd. The forum, part of the Global Compact initiative, focuses on the role of the private sector in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals.
Zuckerberg said that Internet connectivity was a human right.
“Today, I am pleased to announce that Facebook is partnering with the One Campaign, other organisations, leaders and public figures all over the world, to launch a global campaign to support a connectivity declaration. The declaration recognises Internet access as an important enabler of human rights."
He also said his company would be partnering with the UN to support the millions of refugees escaping war and poverty and gain online connectivity.
"We'll be working with UNHCR to bring the Internet to refugee camps. Connectivity will help refugees better access support from the aid community and maintain their links to family and loved ones, and Facebook is in a unique position to help maintain this life-line.”Read more: http://www.newsinlevels.com/products/internet-for-refugees-level-3/
Mr Zuckerberg says that Facebook has nearly achieved a billion users in a single day for the first time last month. He has predicted that the site's reach will continue to grow.
- PARAGRAPH FOR THIS/PROS.
I totally agree with Mark Zuckerberg. People might think at first that giving Internet to the refuggess does not make sense and that they need other vital things. And to be honest, at first it might sound stupid. IBut if you think about it better the way I did, you will understand better. There actually many pros for refugees. Let me mention some: as Mark Zuckerberg said Facebook has nearly achieved a bilion users in a single day; this means that almost everybody has Internet. On the Internet you can basically find anything, opinions from other people, experts... Refugees will feel more integrated being able to share their experiences too. Also Internet can help them more than they think their everyday. If they have any doubt, they can search for it on the Internet and compare many opinions of people. Also I think it would be a great opportunity for refugges to share their story and lives on the Internet. They might even be able to raise some money or even find someone that offers them a job or a place to stay. As you can see, no, it is not stupid to proved them Internet. It can be useful for them in many ways.
2. PARAGRAPH AGAINST THIS/CONS.
I am not going to say that providing Internet to the refugees is going to harm them. It can help them in many ways. But the reality is that there are many other vital things that refugees need instead of the Internet. Some refugees don´t even have a place to saty the night, and I think it is really unfair to waste the money on providing that person Internet, than providing a place to stay. It would be a waste of money, and they need that mone for other more important things. Providing them Internet will cost millions of dollars, and I can´t even imagine how much food they would be able to buy for them, or how many houses they would be able to build for them, or even how many tickets they would be able to buy to take them a safer place. So after saying all of this, I really hope that before doing this, they make sure refugees have other more important things to have a better life and to survive.
Analysis of a TED Talk.
We are going to watch a TED talk and answer the following questions:
1. What´s the topic of the TED talk? What´s the main idea? When does the speaker introduce his idea? How?
-Educational system. -He says that creativity is as important as any other subejct at schools. However we are not developing that creativity because of educational systems, educational systems don´t take into account creativity. -At the beginnig he refers to the contest. He makes a summary and tries to connect all the ideas the other people have talked in the TED talks. TED talks take many days, and a lot of people talk. -He does it connecting the previous topics talked in other conferences.
2. What are the means of support used by the speaker to convince us that his opinion is right? Provide examples.
He support his ideas mentioning the example of a girl who became a dancer, also he talks about William Shakespeare. Each of his ideas he tries to illustrate it with one example.
3. What´s the speaker´s conclusion? How does he "conclude"?
Perhaps the modal we have nowadays is no longer effective. We´ll be needing different things later.
23/10/2018.
UNIT 6. COMPARISON / CONTRAST PARAGRAPHS.
Comparison and Contrast Paragraphs text.
1st Text. (Comparison).
It is comparison.
The topic is "my hometown and my college town".
Words that tell us, that is a comparison paragraph: both, similarly, in the same way, similar, likewise.
The main supporting points, there are 3: The 1st idea that supports the fact that they are the same "both are small". 2nd idea is that they are located in rural areas. And they are related to farms....
We state the idea first and then we get the description for each of the elements.
For expressing what they both have in common, we use a transition word.
Page: 42.
3. Complete these sentences with phrases from above.
a. The architecture of some modern government building is similar to they type of construction used hundreds of years ago.
b. In recent years, new technology such as mobile telephones has made life convenient, similarly/likewise , The Internet has made a wise variety of information avaiable to everyone.
c. Both the rivers and the lakes are clear and beautiful.
d. The capital city is just as modern as the cities in many other countries.
2nd Text (Contrast).
The topic is "Arizona and Rhode Island". The controlling idea is that they are different. There are 2 different things, because we are contrasting. There are 3 main ideas(size, population and natural environment), and the 3 of them are different. We get each of the ideas and then we get the details divided with the transition signals wich is a contrast: different in many ways, whereas, another difference, however, but, also differ in, while....These transition signals are good for contrasting.
Page: 43.
4. Complete these sentences with phrases from above.
a. Some tourists enjoy going on organised tours, while/but/though many other tourists travelling on their town.
b. The two books are very different from each other.
c. The cost of studying in a college or university in Britain is very high. In contrast/on the other hand/however in many other countries, the cost is much lower.
d. Changes in technology are ocurring more quickly than in the past.
Page: 41.
Comparing and contrasting.
2. Read Yuko´s e-mail message to her friend and answer the questions.
- a. What two things does the second paragraph talk about?
The topic sentence is "My parents want me to live with a hst family in the city, but I want to live in a shared flat in a hall of residence in the campus" It is about living either with a host family or in the residence in the campus.
- b. Is the second paragraph mostly comparing or mostly contrasting? How do you know?
It is a contrast paragraph, by using contrast linkers: on the other hand, however, another difference is that....
Page: 45.
6. Read the two paragraphs above then answer the questions,
a. Which paragraph mostly compares and which mostly contrasts?
The first one mostly contrasts and the second one mostly compares.
b. Finish filling in the outlines on page 46 for each paragraph.
Paragraph 1.
Topic A-reading a book.
Supporting points:
1. We use imagination.
2. Conversations, descriptions.
TopicB- Watching a film.
Supporting points:
1. Imagination is not needed. The pictures are shown and details are seen.
2. Conversations are spoken aloud.
Paragraph 2.
First point of comparison-difficult childhood.
A1: Spent many years in an orphanage.
B1: Princess Diana-mother left family.
Second point of comparison- Both married famous men.
A2: Princess Diana-married Prince Charles, later separated from him.
B2: Married a famous basseball player and later a famous writer.
Third point of comparison- Popularity.
A3: She was called the people´s princess.
B3: sexy but in a sense of inocence that people liked.
Fourth point of comparison-had emotional problems.
A4: Marilyn Monroe- She had a serious depression.
B4: Princess Diana: She had eating problems and depresion.
Firft point of comparison- Deaths.
A5: At age 36 in 1962.
B5: At age 36 in 1997.
Page: 46.
7. Look again at the second paragraph in exercise 2 on page 41. Does it use point-by-point or block organisation? How do you know?
The first one uses block organisation, because it first talks about supporting points for the first topic. Then compare or contrast those same points to the second point.
The second one uses point-by-point organisation because it compares or contrasts one point about the two topics, then a second point, then a third point and so on.
Page: 40.
1. Brainstorm ideas to compare and contrast. Think of people, places, and things. Then compare your lists with a partner.
People: Spiderman and Batman / Men and women.
Places: Spain and Italy / Spain and Japan.
Things: Laptop and cell phone / Pizza and hamburgers.
Page: 44.
Homework. 4 similarities and 4 differences.
5. Write eight sentences about these two cars. Write about four similarities and four differences.
Similarities:
Both cars were made in Germany.
The first car is for sale and the second car is for sale too.
Also, both cars are being driven by one dog.
And the first car is just as nlack as the second one.
Differences:
The first car is much bigger than the second one.
The first car is cheap, however the second one is more expensive.
The first car is slow while the second one is faster.
The first car has 4 seats but the second one has only two.
25/10/2018.
Example Block Method Paragraph.
It is a contrast paragraph. Because we can find transition signals such as rather than, as interesting as those...
Example Point-by-Point Method.
The thesis is that they are different, and at the end we have the conlcusion. In the middle, in this case we have chose the different features that we want to analyze of this teachers, and we go one by one. From one aspect to another. There are also transition signals such as however...
Page:48.
10. Read this paragraph from a school newspaper. List the supporting points. Does the paragraph discuss advantages or disadvantages?
The paragraph discusses the advantages of studying abroad and in your own country:
Supporting points:
living in another country:
The supporting points are that:
- Living in a nother country is:
- A great way too learn another language.
- It is also challenging, you develop self-confidence.
- It is exciting because it is new and different from what you are used to.
2. Staying in your own country is:
- Much cheaper.
- Everything is familiar: same language, way the classes are...
- Close to family and friends because you already know them.
Fill the gaps in the following paragraph using language from the table above.
- Negative aspect
- Pros and cons.
- Plus.
Topic ideas for poems of comparison.
How does my subject look like a person?
How does my subject act like a person?
A kitchen appliance, a toaster.
Two holes that looks like a mouth
when it feels hungry, it eats bread
always in the kitchen looking for what to cook
it yells when the food is ready to eat.
Personal poem.
Shall I compare you to.....? Shakespeare.
Shall I compare you to.....? Shakespeare.
Shall I compare you to a song?
Sometimes makes me want to dance
other times makes me feel sad
but I always end up enjoying it
and I never regret llistening to you.
UNIT 7. PROBLEM / SOLUTION PARAGRAPHS.
Page: 50.
3. Work with a partner or small group. Discuss why these issues are problems. Then add two more issues and discuss them.
a. air poullution. Allergies. Health condition. Climate change.
b. traffic. Overuse of cars. Being late. Stress. Pollution.
c. overcrowded classrooms. Noisy. Lack of personal space. Diificult to participate.
d. overpopulation. Lack of resources. Diseases. Lack of space.
e. internet addiction. Waste time. Not socialize. Sleeping problems.
Text on page 51.
1. Read the article from a website on page 51. What is the main idea of the first paragraph? What is the topic sentence?
The topic sentence is Deforestation is the first sentence. The issue is the the solution, the whole paragraph is about the solution to deforestation. The controlling idea is that one of those solutions is to use less paper. And they do an important job making the earth´s environment suitable for life is the controlling idea. The concluding sentence is the last one "scientists say that if deforestation continues, the world´s climate may change, floods may become more common, and animals will die. The second paragarph is all devoted to the solution
2. Answer these questions.
a. How is the first paragraph developed? What are the supporting ideas?
3 supporting ideas. 1 is to reduce paper use (idea) plus examples. 2 reduce all paper. 3 to recycle. W get a summary. It is developed as a summary.
e. Is there a concluding sentence in the first paragraph? In the second paragraph?
The last sentence in both paragraphs.Sometimes makes me want to dance
other times makes me feel sad
but I always end up enjoying it
and I never regret llistening to you.
UNIT 7. PROBLEM / SOLUTION PARAGRAPHS.
Page: 50.
3. Work with a partner or small group. Discuss why these issues are problems. Then add two more issues and discuss them.
a. air poullution. Allergies. Health condition. Climate change.
b. traffic. Overuse of cars. Being late. Stress. Pollution.
c. overcrowded classrooms. Noisy. Lack of personal space. Diificult to participate.
d. overpopulation. Lack of resources. Diseases. Lack of space.
e. internet addiction. Waste time. Not socialize. Sleeping problems.
Text on page 51.
1. Read the article from a website on page 51. What is the main idea of the first paragraph? What is the topic sentence?
The topic sentence is Deforestation is the first sentence. The issue is the the solution, the whole paragraph is about the solution to deforestation. The controlling idea is that one of those solutions is to use less paper. And they do an important job making the earth´s environment suitable for life is the controlling idea. The concluding sentence is the last one "scientists say that if deforestation continues, the world´s climate may change, floods may become more common, and animals will die. The second paragarph is all devoted to the solution
2. Answer these questions.
a. How is the first paragraph developed? What are the supporting ideas?
3 supporting ideas. 1 is to reduce paper use (idea) plus examples. 2 reduce all paper. 3 to recycle. W get a summary. It is developed as a summary.
e. Is there a concluding sentence in the first paragraph? In the second paragraph?
Pre-writing: Thinking about problems - an activity -.
TS: Nowadays unemployment is rising on young people.
Parents have to pay for themselves they also need money to pay the young adults.
Due to unemployment, overquialified young people have to look for less paid jobs.
If this is not changed in the future, young people will care less about studying, since they know that won´t guarantee them a good job. And they will start working very young instead of studying.
Page:52.
4. Read the paragraphs on page 51 again. Underline the conditional sentences.
- If deforestation continues, the world´s climate may change. - If you use less paper, fewer trees will be cut for paper making. - If you follow the three Rs - reduce, reuse, and recycle - you can help the world´s forests.
5. Complete these sentences by circling the correct form of the verb.
a. If you don´t use a map when you drive, you could get lost.
b. Students will do badly in their exams if they don´t get enough sleep.
c. If you want to lose weight, exercise three times a week.
d. If you fly there, it will be faster than taking the train.
e. Many arguments can be avoided if you think before you speak.
f. I will go to that film if I find someone to go with me.
6. Complete these sentences with your own ideas. Then compare with a partner.
a. If it rains this weekend, I will stay at home.
b. If the library isn´t open tomorrow, I will have to study at home.
c. If petrol prices increase even more, I will start using a bicycle.
d. If you don´t have a ride home, I´ll call you tonight.
e. If you get a job, you can make a lot of money.
f. If you don´t come with me, I won´t go on holiday.
06/11/2018.
Page:53.
10. Work with a group. For each of these topic sentences, brainstorm solutions. Introduce each solution with one of the phrases above. Then link of one more problem together, and give it to another group to discuss.
a. We must reduce exam stress for secondary school students.
One thing we can do is to put less exams and more projects instead.
In order to overcome these problems, we can give more chances to do exams.
In order to solve these problems, teachers should give speeches to their students in order to calm them and make them feel more secure.
b. Teenagers spend so much time using their mobile phones that they are no longer skilled at face-to-face interaction.
One solution is to limit the time people use their mobile phones.
To meet this need, people should talk instead of using their phones, when they are meeting someone.
In order to overcome these problems, sellers should warn buyers of the problems of addiction that mobile phones can cause.
c. In the next five to ten years, experts predict that there won´t be enough doctors and nurses to meet hospitals´needs.
In order to solve these problems, we need to encourage students to study about healthcare.
A second thing we can do is to pay more money to the doctors and nurses. That way, more people will be interested in that job.
To meet this need, people need to be warned about this.
d. We need to find ways to protect young children from violence on television.
One solution is to make parents explain to their children the situations.
One thing we can do is to do strikes in order to make television more cautious about this.
To meet this need, television should wait until late to show any violence.
e. We need to produce less polution.
One answer is to use bicycles instead of cars.
A second answer is to make public transpot cheaper, and encourage people to use them.
One thing we can do is to build more bicycles paths.
Page:54.
11. With a partner, talk about the solutions that his student brainstormed for her topic. Mark each one strong, OK, or weak.
Topic sentence: I need more money while I am at university.
- Borrow money from my friends. Weak.
- Sell some of my things. OK.
- Ask my parents for money. Weak.
- Go busking with my guitar. Weak.
- Get a part-time job. Strong.
- Drop out of university and get a full-time job. Weak.
- Buy lotery tickets. Weak.
- Ride my bike to university instead of using public transport. OK.
- Buy fewer CDs and new clothes. Strong.
PROBLEM PARAGRAPH.
Topic Sentence: Nowadays unemployment is rising on young people.
Nowadays unemployment on youth has been increasing really fast lately. This is due to the fact that, most people prefer older workers, since they think they have more experience. Many people don´t even give a chance to young people. This is a problem, because many young people are studying, and a lot of them need money to pay for their studies. However if they can´t get a job, that can lead to two problems. One would be that many teenagers ask the money to their parents, however a lot of parents can´t afford it. The second problem would be that many young people quit studying because they
don´t have money, and they just look for low-jobs.
SOLUTION PARAGRAPH.
In order to overcome this problem, people need to trust more in young people and give them at least a chance to work for them. One thing we can do is to hire more young people, and understand that they need to work and although maybe at first they will need to learn. They should understand that if a young person is very hard-working, it doesn´t matter if he/she is not very experienced at frist. Being hard-working will make him/her develop the skills that are needed for the job.
Punctuation Rules. Sentences using commas.
1. A company that wants to be successful must spend a great deal of money to advertise its products. NO COMMAS.
2. Advertising is essential to the free enterprise systme, yet it can sometimes be very annoying. COORDINATOR.
3. Every minute of the day and night people are exposed to ads on television, on billboards, in the newspapers, and in magazines. COORDINATOR.
4. You cannot even avoid advertising in the privacy of your own car or your own home, for advertisers have begun selling their products in those places, too. TAG FUNCTION.
5. years, INTRODUCER.
13/11/2018.
UNIT 8. THE STRUCTURE OF AN ESSAY.
What is an essay?
An essay is a Composition.
Three main parts of an essay:
- The introduction.
- The main body.
- The conclusion.
Writing a strong thesis statement.
- The author´s OPINION.
- Important IDEA.
- It can be DISCUSSED and EXPLAINED with supporting ideas. Ex: The qualifications for getting into university in Spain are unreasonable. Ex: When studying English, there are several ways to improve your use of the language.
- A thesis staetements should NOT be a sentence that only gives a fact about a topic. Ex: In Murcia, the summer months are warmer than the winter months. And?? Why is that interesting?? What do you mean ?? Any opinion?? This could be a topic sentence, but it is not a thesis statement. There is no clear opinion. Take sides.
Page: 57.
1. Label the three parts of this essay: introduction, main body, paragraphs, and conclusion.
Introduction: 1st Paragraph.
Main body paragraphs: 2nd and 3rd pragraphs.
Conclusion: 4th paragraph.
The thesis statement is the last sentence of the first paragraph: "African Americans, too, have both contributed new words to English and changed the meanings of some existing words".
Topic Sentence: However, English vocabulary has also been influenced by other countries and groups of people.
They organise it in different blocks of different influences of cutures. They are Chinese, Native American and African.
It is detail pattern. We get a list. We say something about an issue, and we support it by different details.
Page:58.
3. In these introductory paragraphs, underline the thesis statement. Then circle the topic and draw another line under the main idea in each thesis statement. Share your answers with a partner.
a. The UK can be divided into different regions that each has its own characteristic foods influenced by the cultur of the people who live there.
b. As a result of human population growth, deforestation and hunting, the nummber of koalas has declined.
c. No two Taoist gardens are exactly alike, but all Taoist gardens include four essential elements: water, mountains, buildings and bridges.
Page:59.
4.Read these thesis statements below. Write V (strong thesis statement), F (fact only--a weak thesis statement), or N (no clear opinion--a weak thesis statement).
a: F. It´s a fact. And that is very sifficult to discuss.
b: N. The writer hasn´t taken a side. The opinion isn´t clear. Must include personal point.
c: F. It´s a fact. You mnay say that it was too late. Or include the reasons why.
d: V. We have a fact, and the writer taking a side, so we can compare.
e: N. It´s a fact.
f: F.
g: V.
h: N.
i: F.
j: V.
15/11/2019.
Page: 58.
Write a topic sentence for each main idea for each of these three body paragraph.
a.
Chinese. Chinese food has become popular in Britain.
Indian. Indian food has been brought to Britain.
Italian. Italian restaurants can be found easily in Britain.
b.
Human population growth. Human population growth has affected to the declined of koalas.
Deforestation. Deforestation is a big cause for the declined of koalas.
Hunting. Hunting is contributing to the reducement of koalas.
c.
Water. Water is an esential element in Taoist gardens.
Mountains. Mountains are fundamental in Taoist gardens.
Buildings. All Taoist gardens include buildings.
Bridges. Bridges are always present in Taoist gardens.
15/11/2019.
Page: 58.
Write a topic sentence for each main idea for each of these three body paragraph.
a.
Chinese. Chinese food has become popular in Britain.
Indian. Indian food has been brought to Britain.
Italian. Italian restaurants can be found easily in Britain.
b.
Human population growth. Human population growth has affected to the declined of koalas.
Deforestation. Deforestation is a big cause for the declined of koalas.
Hunting. Hunting is contributing to the reducement of koalas.
c.
Water. Water is an esential element in Taoist gardens.
Mountains. Mountains are fundamental in Taoist gardens.
Buildings. All Taoist gardens include buildings.
Bridges. Bridges are always present in Taoist gardens.
Tips for a good thesis statement.
One way to develop a thesis statement for an essay is to write opinions you have about the topic. Begin, I think that.. and complete the sentences with your opinion. Then remove I think that... and the remaining words make a possible thesis statement.
Page:61.
6. For each of these topics, write tro or three opinions you have, starting with I think that.
a. exercise.
I think that exercise is good for keeping phisycal and mental health.
I think that exercise is a good and healthy leisure activity.
I think that exercise must be always present in our lives.
b. university study.
I think that university study helps to get a job easier.
I think that university study has been growing lately.
I think that university study should be cheaper.
c. the Internet.
I think that the Internet has been developing into big steps these past few years.
I think that the Internet makes our lives easier.
I think that the Internet is one of the best developments ever made.
d. music.
I think that music is a great way to cheer someone up.
I think that music can help people to concentrate better.
I think that music is a god leisure activity.
HOMEWORK. WRITE AN ESSAY ABOUT A TOPIC THAT YOU ARE INTERESTED FOLLOWING THE STPES PROVIDED IN THE LINK BELOW.
https://owl.excelsior.edu/writing-process/essay-writing/essay-writing-see-it-in-practice/
THE RISE OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON YOUNG PEOPLE
These past few years unemployment has been rising really fast on young people. People prefer older people that have already worked and also have more experience. This can become a big problem if we do not find a solution. It can lead to bad consequences. For example some of those bad consequences are more unacademic students, inexpert people and economic problems in families.
Everybody would tell young people to study for the future. We are always being encouraged thinking that with a degree, after so many years of studying, we will get a job for sure. However this is not the case. Actually there are a lot of people that have studied a degree but however they are working on something that has nothing to do with their degrees. Knowing this, more and more people will quit as soon as possible and try to get any job they can find.
Also, as it was said before in the introduction, one of the main problems why young people do not get hired is because bosses rather people with experience. However it is impossible to get expeience if you never get a job. This can make people forget what they have studied since they are not practicising it.
Finally, another big consequence of this problem is the economic problems of families. If young people do not get a job, they do not earn any money, that means that they will not be able to afford things that they need. These people still need thir parents to pay for them vital things. This is a real struggle for parents because paying for the costs for a young person is a lot of money that not everybody can afford for the rest of their lives.
To conclude with, we need to encourage people to hire more young people and to at least give them a chance. Otherwise they will never fullfill their potential. Bosses need to think they were also unexperienced back then and that they have become very far. We all need to grant that opportunity to young people.
20/11/2018.
UNIT 9.
OUTLINIG AN ESSAY.
Page:65.
Don´t Support Nuclear Energy!
QUESTIONS.
1. What will the thesis statement be?
Nuclear power is not a good energy source for the world.
2. How many paragraphs there will be here?
There will be 5 paragraphs.
3. How many supporting points will the third paragraph have?
The third paragraph will have 2 supporting points. (letters).
4. How many details will the fourth paragraph have?
The fourth paragraph will have 8 details. (numbers).
Page:66.
2. Fill in this outline for the essay in Unit 8, exercise 1 on page 57. Then compare with a partner.
The Changing Vocabulary of English.
I. Thesis Statement: African Americans have brought new vocabulary to the English as well as they have changed the meaning of some the words that already existed.
II. Words introduced by African Americans slaves.
A. OK.
1. From an African language.
2. Now used all over the world to mean that everything is all right.
B. Jazz.
1. Came from African Americans that were musicians in New Orleans.
2. Exact origin unknown.
III. Changes of the meaning of words.
A. Cool.
1. Original meaning.
2. New meanings.
B. Square.
1. Original meaning.
2. New meanings.
IV. Conclusion: Exisiting ethnic groups in the United States as well as new immigrants will certainly continue to bring new words to English and give fresh meanings to existing words.
Page:67.
3. Label each statement T for thesis statement, M for main idea, S for supporting point, or C for conclusion.
Title: The Benefits of Yoga. S.
a. Develops clear thinking. M.
b. Physical benefits. S.
c. Improves concentration. S.
d. Reduces fear, anger, and worry. S.
e. Mental benefits. M.
f. Improves blood circulation. S.
g. Improves digestion. S.
h. Helps you feel calm and careful. S.
i. Develops self-confidence. S.
j. Doing yoga regularly can be good for your mind, your body, and your emotions. T.
k. Makes you strong and flexible. S.
l. Therefore, to nuild mental, physical, and emotional health, consider doing yoga. S.
m. Emotional benefits. M.
Page:68.
5. With a partner, check the outline on page 69 for organisation, support, and topic development. What should the author add, substract, or change in this outline? Share your ideas with another pair. Did you make the same recommendations?
I.
OK.
II.
Points B and C should be swapped.
Point E should be deleted (not relevant).
III.
III and IV should be swapped.
Point A might include a second category of people who come to San Francisco to get rich.
Point B should is not relevant.
Point C3 is not relevant.
Point D should be more specific.
Point F should be deleted.
Point G could be more specific.
IV.
Point B should discuss expenses for food and clothing. In order to be parallel with the section on San Francisco today.
V.
OK.
Thesis statement. Develop a complete outline.
When buying an used car, use these four strategies to get the best price.
UNIT 10. INTRODUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS.
Page:72.
1. Read the introduction to the essay in Unit 8, exercise 1 on page 57. Complete this diagram.
General ideas.
Most Americans would probably say that their language comes from England.
Other countries have influenced english as a language.
Some words come from other countires.
Thesis Statement.
Somes words have been contributed by the African Americans.
2. Read and discuss the following introductions with a partner. Mark the strong introductions with a tick (V). Mark the weak introductions with a cross (X). What could the writers do to make the weak introductions strong?
- Example a. It is weak. It is too short, it should mention more details about the topic (changes in families).
- Example b. It is strong.
- Example c. It is weak. We can´t see a thesis statement. Some of the deatils may be too relevant too.
- Example d. It is weak because it is too long. Some information is not relevant and could be deleted with no problem.
- Example e. It is weak. It is too short. Also the sentences are not related to each other.
Page:73.
3. Read the three introductions in Unit 8, exercise on page 58 again. What types of information does each introductory paragraph contain?
- Introduction a uses a personal experience.
- Introdcution b gives us facts.
- Introduction c contains facts (an interesting quotation).
29/11/2018.
The conclusion...
- .....summarises the main points of the essay.
- .....restate the thesis.
- ......makes a final comment about the essay´s main idea.
- ......may emphasise an action that you would like the reader to take.
Page:74.
5. Look at the essay in Unit 8, exercise 1 on page 57 again. Answer these questions.
- a. Does the conclusion use any of the four techniques described above? Which ones?
The conclusion puts the thesis and also mentions a final comment about the main idea.
- Which sentence in the conclusion restates the thesis (form the introduction)?
The first sentence, "English owes some of its interesting and colourful vocabulary to African Americans´ restates the thesis statement.
Page:75.
6. Match each of these introduction thesis statements with its rewritten version for a conclusion.
- a: 3.
- b: 1.
- c: 5.
- d: 2.
- e: 6.
- f: 4.
Write a complete introduction and a complete conclusion to this thesis statement.
Complete Introduction.
a. There are plenty of places to buy food. However some of them may have more advantages than others. People want to find the best products the cheapest as possible. Actually, it is believed that supermarkets are the best places to buy food because of their convenience and lower prices.
Complete Conclusion.
3. We can conclude that supermakets are a good option to buy food. It has many conveniences, however we could highlight the fact that larger supermarkets offer cheap prices and a large selection of products makes them the best place for shoppers.
Thesis statement for the final sentence.
Page:78. 7. Read paragraph a in Unit 8, exercise 3 on page 58 again. Choose the best concluding paragraph, below.
Paragraph a.
UNIT 11. UNITY AND COHERENCE.
Page: 78.
1. Read the ssay on page 79 about Chinese medicine. Then do these tasks.
a. Underline the thesis statement with two lines.
The philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine is not the same as the philosophy of modern medicine, but it is useful for curing many health problems.
b. Underline each topic sentence with one line.
- First body paragraph: Modern medicine focuses on illness.
- Second body paragraph: Instead of focusing on a patient´s health problems, Chinese medicine tries to make the patient´s health problems, Chinese medicine tries to make the patient´s whole boy well again.
c. List the supporting ideas in each main body paragraph on a separate piece of paper.
- First main body paragraph: For modern medicine, a patient with cough gets medicine to stop it. Also it gives medicine for fever. They try to stop the illnesses as quickly as possible.
- Second main body paragraph: For Chinese medicine, instead of using medicines to stop illnesses, they give herbs to restore balance (yin and yang), that way the illness will stop naturally.
The concluding paragraph is that "Chinese medicine definitely works for some health problems".
d. After you have finished, review the topic sentences and supporting ideas. With a partner, discuss how the topic sentences relate to the thesis statement and how the supporting sentences relate to the topic sentences. Is the essay unified?
The thesis statement is "The philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine is not the same as the philosophy of modern medicine, but it is useful for curing many health problems". The text is well conected and unified, because the two main body paragraphs talk about ways to end illnesses. One of them is with modern medicine and the other one, with Chinese medicine, but their goal is the same.
teorico tipo test, preguntas teoricas, 2 puntos, eliminatorio, hay que aprobarlo. cada 4 incorrectas, 1 bien.
examen practico, escribir un texto. vale 4 puntos.
teorico tipo test, preguntas teoricas, 2 puntos, eliminatorio, hay que aprobarlo. cada 4 incorrectas, 1 bien.
examen practico, escribir un texto. vale 4 puntos.
11/12/2018.
Page:83.
4. Use transitions from the list above, or others that you know to connect these sentences taken from the essay about Chinese medicine on page 79. When you have finished, compare your answers with the essay.
Instead of focusing on a patient´s health problems, Chinese medicine tries to make the patient´s whole body well again. Specifically , doctors of Chinese medicine believe that inside people, there are two types of energy. The first type of energy, called `yin´, is quiet and passive. The other type of energy, called ´yang´, is active. When there is imbalance - too much yin,for instance - a person becomes unhealthy. A doctor of Chinese medicine doesn´t try to stop a person´s cough by giving a cough medicine. Instead , the doctor gives a mixture of herbs that will restore balance in the patient´s body. Therefore , when the body is in balance, the cough will stop naturally.
Page:84.
5. For each of the italicised pronouns in this passage, identify the noun or noun phrase to which it refers. Write your answers on the lines below the text.
- it = Barcelona.
- It = Barcelona.
- its = The Barrio Gótico.
- its = Barcelona´s.
- they = Catalan speakers in and around Barcelona in Barcelona.
- there = In Barcelona.
- this = all of the supporting points that have been appearing in the paragraph about Barcelona.
Page:85.
6. Read these revised paragraphs from the essay on sing language. Underline examples of transition use, pronoun reference, and repetition of key words. Then compare your answers with a partner.
- Transition use: First, another, and.
- Pronoun reference: these signs, he, this time, it.
- Repetiton of key words: Sign language, developed.
Page:86.
7. This paragraph needs more connection. Revise it. Then share your version with other classmates.
Ho Chi Minh City, which is located on the Mekong River in Vietnam, is a fascinating destination for travellers to Southeast Asia. It was once an important trading centre for the French in Southeast Asia, in fact/ consequently/ as a consequence the influence of the French culture can still be felt. For instance, many people, especially the older generations, learned French in school and still can speak it very well. Another instance is that some cafés serve French-style bread and pastries in its streets. Similarily, expensive hotels and restaurants also serve French food. Many of the buildings in the city are built in French style. Eventually, the Vietnamese and the French fought and left the country. That is why there are museums and monuments documenting the country´s long- and often bloody- history. So if you are looking for a unique city to visit in the Southeast Asia, Ho Chi Minh City is an attractive chocie.
13/12/2018.
Page:87.
11. These pairs of entences need to be joined together to form English proverbs. Choose the best transition word or phrase to connect each pair. Compare your answers with a partner, and then discuss the possible meaning of each proverb.
a. Don´t count your chickens before.
b. When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.
c. Time flies when you´re having fun.
d. You can lead a horse to water, but you can´t make it drink.
e. Laugh, and the world laughs with you. Cry, cry you cry alone.
f. You don´t know what water is worht until your well is dry.
12. Think of one or two proverbs in your language and translate them into English. Share yours with the class. Then choose one of the proverbs and write a paragraph explaining its meaning.
- Más vale pajaro en mano que ciento volando: Better to have one bird in your hand than a hundred flying. It means that you have to conform with what you have and that it could be worse.
- La curiosidad mató al gato: The curiosity killed the cat. It means that it is not good to want to know everything, because that might get you in troubles.
UNIT 12. ESSAYS FOR EXAMINATIONS.
Page:90.
2. Underline the most important part of the instruction in these essay questions. Discuss your answers with a partner or group. Talk about what kinds of information you would include in your answer.
a. Compare and contrast state and private secondary school education in your country.
b. Think of a story you have read which has also been made into a film. Describe the differences between the two versions.c. Show the rise in popularity of communication by mobile phone has changed the ways in which young people communicate.
d. Discuss the results of the Norman conquest of Great Britain in 1066. Which do you feel was the most important?
e. Which environmental problem is the most significant in your community? Explain how your community can solve this problem?
Page:92.
5. Write a five-minute outline for each of these topics. Write a thesis statement, two or more main ideas, and a conclusion. When you have finished, compare your outlines in groups or with the whole class.
a. Some people like to organise their own trips, and others like to travel on a profesionally organised tour. Which do you prefer, and why?
a. Compare and contrast state and private secondary school education in your country.
b. Think of a story you have read which has also been made into a film. Describe the differences between the two versions.c. Show the rise in popularity of communication by mobile phone has changed the ways in which young people communicate.
d. Discuss the results of the Norman conquest of Great Britain in 1066. Which do you feel was the most important?
e. Which environmental problem is the most significant in your community? Explain how your community can solve this problem?
Page:92.
5. Write a five-minute outline for each of these topics. Write a thesis statement, two or more main ideas, and a conclusion. When you have finished, compare your outlines in groups or with the whole class.
a. Some people like to organise their own trips, and others like to travel on a profesionally organised tour. Which do you prefer, and why?
- I would rather travel on a profesionally organised tour.
- It is more expensie but worth it. It is not as risky as the other option.
- The tour will include things that people usually like the most.
- If you have any problem, you can call the organisation.
- Conclusion: Although it might be more expensive than organising my own trip, travelling on a profesionally organised tour will be worth it because they will know more than you do and besides it is safer and they will always be there if you have any problem.
b. Your community is considering building a new shopping centre in the centre of town. Do you support or oppose this plan? Give specific reasons in your answer.
- I would prefer to have a new shopping centre in the centre of town.
- People that live in the surrounding will not need to use a transport to go. (my case).
- Many people go to the centre of town, so it will attract a lot of people.
- Conclusion: The centre of town is a good place to build a new shopping centre because many people will visit it due to the good location.
Page:91.
Sample outline 1:
Write a topic sentence for each sentence of this outlining.
- I would rather live with my family to save money. Living with your family while you are at university is cheaper than living alone.
- No rent. Rent is really expensive nowadays.
- Save money on food. Food will not be a problem.
- Don´t have to pay bills. You can feel free without fearing the bills at the end of each month.
B. Water.
C. Phone.
5. Conlcusion: If I save on my living expenses, I will have enough money to pay for tuition and books. Doing this will make you save a lot of money that you can use for other things in college, for example to buy materials or to go to academies.
Page:90.
4. Tick (V) the introductions that answer the question in exercise 3 above directly. Write cross (X) by the ones that contain unnecessary information or do not directly address the question. Discuss your answers with a partner.
a. X. Too general and it doesn´t select which is the biggest problem.
b. V. It is clearly, it answers the questions and it is direct.
c. X. It is a problem of mistaken the focus. It is not related to the impact of the gold rush today, but in the past. They way the introduction has been written including one example, somehow it makes us hing that it is going to talk about more things. In a introduction it is not a good idea illustrating just by one point.
d. The problem is that it doesn´t say which effect of the gold rush is more important. It only says too many effects. It is not estated which one has the biggest impact.
e. This one is right. It is directly because it tells the most important effect.
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